Titlebook: Surgical Approaches to the Spine; Robert G. Watkins Book 19831st edition Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1983 Wirbels?ulenchirurgie.head.ins

陰謀

不容置疑

Transaxillary Approach to the Upper Dorsal Spine, to the upper dorsal spine. The highest dorsal vertebra reached through this approach is the body of T1, although the C7–T1 interspace is often accessible at the extreme apex of the thoracic inlet. The most significant advantage of this approach is that no major muscle groups are sectioned during th

integral

Third Rib Resection in the Transthoracic Approach,ea than does 2nd rib resection.. The cephalad extension of the exposure is enhanced with kyphosis deformity of the cervicothoracic junction area. Exposure of the 3rd rib allows additional removal of the 2nd rib if the operative exposure is inadequate.

SNEER

代替

水獺

Eleventh Rib Approach,ectus sheath (Fig. 16A). You can expand the incision by curving the posterior arm cephalad to allow for removal of additional rib and by extending the anterior arm down the abdominal wall vertically for exposure of more of the lumbar spine retroperitoneally.

LAVA

Twelfth Rib Approach,e rib’s tip by the insertion of the diaphragm and of the transversus abdominis fascia and muscle. They form an anchoring point to resist cephalad retraction. By removing the 12th rib, opening the 12th rib bed, and freeing the muscle insertions of the tip of the 12th rib, one has greater exposure for

heterodox

改變立場(chǎng)

Supraclavicular Approach,ble and protect it. A large fatty meal the day before surgery will help. If they are inadvertently divided, double ligate both ends well. The approach to the right should definitely identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve and protect it. We recommend the right supraclavicular approach with identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

ANTE