Titlebook: African Farmers, Value Chains and Agricultural Development; An Economic and Inst Alan de Brauw,Erwin Bulte Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if appl

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焦慮

Melina Tobías,Soledad Fernández Bouzo in time. Policy changes between colonial and post-colonial regimes first shifted at least some smallholders into more formalized markets, and then back to selling surplus on spot markets. The colonial era can be characterized as extractive; institutions were developed to extract value from Africa a

絕食

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Magdalena Gil,Eduardo A. UndurragaThe type of firms found in each value chain type differs, and farmers may produce for different types of value chains. The evolution process is driven by several factors, including changing relative prices, income and population growth, urbanization, and technological change. These factors create op

殘廢的火焰

Paddy Kinyera,Martin Doevenspecktcomes are largely a result of market conditions that smallholders face. Smallholders lack full property rights over land, and capital markets targeting smallholders are thin, so they may not be able to purchase enough inputs. Inputs are often costly, both because of relatively large distances input

江湖郎中

問到了燒瓶

Paddy Kinyera,Martin Doevenspeck in many years prices for major grains fall right after harvest and peak just before the next one. Poor storage can also lead to post-harvest losses. Yet good post-harvest loss measurements are scarce, particularly for vegetables; since information on actual losses is poor, it is difficult to design

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FLING

African Histories and Modernitiesed labor-intensive manufacturing as a driving force to absorb labor, first because there was no competition (the West) and then because productivity-adjusted wages were much lower than other places (East Asia). We first argue this structural transformation is unlikely in Africa, because labor produc

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88693-6Agricultural Economics; Development Economics; African Economics; Food Policy; agri-food value chains; Af