Titlebook: African Farmers, Value Chains and Agricultural Development; An Economic and Inst Alan de Brauw,Erwin Bulte Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if appl

GENUS

Paddy Kinyera,Martin Doevenspeckorage can also support warehouse receipts systems, which can be used both as collateral and to develop commodity exchanges. Yet again, transaction costs to using regional storage are high for smallholders.

遵循的規(guī)范

Victoria Boniface Makulilo,Hussein Kapuyaproblems but which can be hijacked and are costly themselves; producer organizations, which can work but must be endogenously formed; ICT, which is spreading rapidly but likely needs to be an intervention component rather than a focus; and blockchain, which lends traceability but lacks incentives for anyone to actually trace products.

使增至最大

African Smallholders and Their Market Environment,vides historical and institutional reasons why African smallholders face high transaction costs. After explaining why some solutions will likely fail, the book concludes with what we consider promising areas for interventions to catalyze Structural Transformation 2.0 in Africa.

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Melanocytes

Economic Theory and Value Chain Governance,ains in Africa are typically based on implicit, self-enforcing contracts with little or no third-party enforcement. Transaction costs that lead to relational contracting simply reflect the economic and technological conditions at play.

Ledger

STALL

摘要

Product Quality and Certification,activities to make them work. Evaluating the impacts of certification schemes is tricky because farmers self-select into participation, and the poorest farmers do not participate. Present evidence, however, suggests these schemes do have positive income effects for participating farmers.

congenial

Storage and Post-harvest Losses,orage can also support warehouse receipts systems, which can be used both as collateral and to develop commodity exchanges. Yet again, transaction costs to using regional storage are high for smallholders.

CESS