Titlebook: University Responsibility for the Adjudication of Research Misconduct; The Science Bubble Stefan Franzen Book 2021 Springer Nature Switzerl

frivolous

GORGE

The Clash Between Scientific Skepticism and Ethics Regulations,er as many control experiments as possible, and a need to double-check and verify. Yet this same trait can lead scientists to doubt a claim that a colleague has misrepresented data. Anyone can make a mistake, but the idea that a scientist would consciously, or even recklessly, alter data or make fal

鬧劇

Scientific Discoveries: Real and Imagined,Alterations of data may be innocuous much of the time, but some false reports influence science for decades. Beyond data manipulation, there are known historical examples of scientific fraud and extreme bias. While systematic alteration or intentional cover-up of a distortion of the record is relati

東西

過分自信

The Institutional Pressure to Become a Professor-Entrepreneur, submit any novel idea as a patent application. While not enforceable as a regulation, this guidance to professors, along with funding opportunities from companies, state seed funding for companies and small business categories of federal funding have pressured faculty to think like entrepreneurs. H

crucial

The Short Path from Wishful Thinking to Scientific Fraud,dation since they receive considerable resources from grant funding, but they do not have a direct supervisor. Faculty are their own bosses, a situation that many people would regard as desirable. In order to maintain that status, university professors must bring in money. The competition for fundin

溫室