Titlebook: Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and its Demise 1800-1909; Y Hakan Erdem Book 1996 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Lim

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Means of Enslavement and Slave Acquisition in the Late Ottoman Empire: Continuation of Ottoman SlavRescript confirmed the earlier stance of the Sultan by declaring the principle of the inviolability of the ‘life, property and honour’ of all the subjects of the Sultan including the bureaucrats and military officials who had previously been subject to the rules of military-governmental slavery irre

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Conclusion,also recipients of a small number of slaves sent from their dependencies and friendly lesser states as tribute and gifts. However, most Ottoman slaves in this period were indirectly acquired through the trade rather than through the employment of these methods of enslavement as a mechanism of direct

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Y Hakan Erdemessing issues facing environmental scientists and policymakers, but moreover recommended land-use dynamics as one of the four areas most likely to achieve significant and practical gains over the next decade given adequate scholarly attention and support. Most important for this work was the continu

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Y Hakan Erdemg space just when land is urgently needed to feed the 6.3 billion persons projected for the year 2000. The causes of the population problem are deeply imprinted in the social pattern of most countries, and certainly there are no simple solutions in a nation unwilling to restrain population growth. The problem978-1-4684-1023-5978-1-4684-1021-1

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Y Hakan Erdem1975 for the less-developed and the more-developed countries (Hardy and Havelka, 1975). In this article I will consider the problem of future nitrogen need for crop production and approaches to meeting this need. Emphasis will be placed on less-developed countries to the extent practical, but many o

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