Titlebook: Sampling Procedures to Detect Mycotoxins in Agricultural Commodities; Thomas Whitaker,Andrew Slate,Andrew Cannavan Book 2011 Springer Scie

一加就噴出

.Discusses uncertainty and variability in mycotoxin test proAdherence to regulatory limits for mycotoxins in agricultural commodities is important to safeguard consumers and to permit trade in affected commodities across international borders. Reliable estimates of mycotoxin concentrations are requi

不知疲倦

Sinus-Node

使苦惱

Uncertainty, lot can’t be determined with 100% certainty; nor can all lots be correctly classified into good and bad categories (based upon some legal limit) with 100% accuracy. Accuracy and precision are two types of uncertainties associated with a sampling plan (Cochran and Cox 1957).

BACLE

Sample Selection, (called random sampling). Biases are introduced by sample selection methods if equipment and procedures used to select the sample prohibit or reduce the chances of any item in the lot from being chosen. Examples of bias in the sample selection process, shown in Fig.4.1, are illustrated with the use

circuit

Sample Preparation,), the laboratory sample must be prepared for mycotoxin quantification. Since it is not practical to extract the mycotoxin from a large laboratory sample, the mycotoxin is usually extracted from a much smaller portion of product (test portion) taken from the comminuted laboratory sample. If the comm

侵略者

Analytical Quantification, Before the mycotoxin can be quantified in the solvent extract, analytical methods usually consist of several steps related to removing interfering compounds (i.e. oils) and concentrating the mycotoxins for quantification. These steps include centrifugation, filtration, drying, and dilution (Dickens

Agronomy

Accept/Reject Limit,ect limit (ARL). The ARL is a predefined threshold concentration, usually equal to a legal limit used in regulatory applications. If the mycotoxin concentration in a test portion taken from a laboratory sample is less than or equal to the ARL, the lot is accepted, -otherwise the lot is rejected.

landmark

Random Variation,ociation of Official Analytical Chemists 1990; Nesheim 1979; Steyn et al. 1991), there are errors (the term error will be used to denote variability) associated with each of the steps of the mycotoxin test procedure (Whitaker et al. 1972, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1993, 1998; Dickens et al. 1979; Remington

削減

Reducing Variability of a Mycotoxin Test Procedure,total variability of the test procedure can be reduced by reducing the variability associated with each step of the mycotoxin test procedure. Increasing the size of the laboratory sample can reduce the sampling variability. The sample preparation variability can be reduced either by increasing the s