Titlebook: Road Lighting; Fundamentals, Techno Wout van Bommel Book 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Human Visual Performance.I

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Standards and Recommendationsn this Chapter, first the recommendations of the international lighting commission, CIE, will be summarized. They concern lighting of motorized-traffic routes, lighting of traffic conflict areas, lighting for pedestrians and low-speed traffic, the spectrum of light, and lighting that adapts itself t

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Equipment: Lamps and Gearears it was joined by the high-pressure mercury lamp providing bluish-white light. The high-pressure sodium lamp, introduced in the late 1960s, with its yellow-white colour and much higher efficacy, then relatively-quickly replaced the high-pressure mercury lamps in a large number of applications. T

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Equipment: Luminairesd lighting are of three basic types: those that throw the main part of their light along the road, which is the case for most of the luminaires used for motorway lighting; those that have a more rotation symmetrically light distribution, as sometimes used for the lighting of non-linear areas such as

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Design Aspectsnd glare restriction, are described in the first part of this chapter. The quality of the lighting installation may deteriorate too much under adverse weather conditions, if those conditions are not considered in the design process. Guidance on how to optimize installations for adverse weather circu

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Purpose of Light-Pollution Restrictionaste energy with all the negative consequences for the environment, including CO2 emissions. The light radiated outside the area to be lighted also has serious negative consequences for people, wildlife and vegetation. The purpose of restricting light pollution is to minimize or eliminate all these

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Light-Pollution Parametersence light pollution. These lighting parameters can be divided into those directly related to the light leaving the location being lighted, i.e. installation-bound parameters, and those directly related to the light arriving at the point of disturbance, i.e. disturbed-area-bound parameters. Some sta

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Standards and Recommendationshese recommendations form the basis for many national or regional standards for outdoor lighting in many parts of the world. The European Standards for the lighting of exterior working areas and for sports lighting have sections about the limitation of light pollution based entirely on the CIE recom