Titlebook: Rethinking Bail; Court Reform or Busi Max Travers,Emma Colvin,Christine Bond Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020

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Risk Profiles,are, however, other policy options that might change business as usual. One initiative that has been attempted in some US courts is to replace judicial discretion with the scientific analysis of risk factors. This chapter explains this reform movement starting with the Manhattan Bail Project in the

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Conclusion: Rethinking Bail,il. Although those with progressive views support a return to the presumption of innocence, bail laws will remain tough, especially when disturbing offences (including a mass killing) are committed by defendants granted bail. The alternative used in some US states of replacing judicial officers by a

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Introduction,er looks in detail at three cases in Australia in which disturbing offences were committed by defendants released on bail. The second half introduces the concerns of progressive academics and practitioners about rising imprisonment, partly caused by the presumption for bail being eroded by legislation over a long period of time.

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Risk Profiles,1960s and looking at recent research that claims to identify the predictors of bail. In a few courts, decisions are made by computer programs or algorithms. This chapter looks critically at the arguments. It also compares the two models, discretion or risk analysis, in terms of the potential for unfairness and political acceptability.

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Pretrial Services,arallel agencies such as the Forensic Mental Health Service. Drawing on a focus group with case workers in Melbourne, it provides an overview of the services provided through the Court Integrated Services Program (CISP). The chapter looks critically at whether programs are effective and whether welfare programs are punitive.