Titlebook: Operative Neuromodulation; Volume 2: Neural Net Damianos E. Sakas,Brian A. Simpson Book 2007 Springer-Verlag Vienna 2007 Nervous System.Neu

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Management of chronic severe pain: cerebral neuromodulatory and neuroablative approaches targets thought to modulate the process of pain perception, or pharmacological agents are introduced into ventricular spaces to target pain modulating receptors. Electrical stimulation targets include; the thalamic nuclei, the periventricular and periaqueductal grey (PVG and PAG) matter or the moto

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Motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic painor the treatment of refractory neuropathic pain although its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. The authors review the extensive literature published over the last 15 years on central and neuropathic pain. Optimal patient selection remains difficult and the value of pharmacological tests

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Cathodal, anodal or bifocal stimulation of the motor cortex in the management of chronic pain?n, are discussed. The results of theoretical studies, animal experiments and clinical studies lead to similar conclusions. Basically, cortical nerve fibres pointing at the epidural electrode and those normal to this direction are activated by anodal and cathodal stimulation, respectively. Because MC

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Somatosensory cortex stimulation for deafferentation painelated reorganization of the primary somatosensory cortex. It has also revealed that this cortical reorganization can be reversed after the attenuation of pain. Deafferentation pain is also associated with hyperactivity of the somatosensory thalamus and cortex. Therefore, in order to suppress pain,

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