Titlebook: Norway’s Foreign Policy in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries; Noble Rhetoric and N Geir K. Almlid Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applic

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IRS) on the Cassini spacecraft. This instrument, which detects the thermal infrared spectrum from 10 to 1,500 cm. (1,000–7 .m) is sensitive to vibrational and rotational emissions of gases and condensates in Titan’s stratosphere and lower mesosphere, permitting the measurement of ambient temperature

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Dealing with Russia: A Return to Cold War Thinking,he American security guarantee and allies’ interests in the High North. Second, policymakers realised that it was necessary to increase defence budgets to improve the country’s defence capabilities. After the Russian all-out invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Norwegian policymakers intensified further their focus on these measures.

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Foreign Aid: Between Good Intentions and Self-Interests,g humanitarian strengthens Norway’s credibility when arguing for a stronger role for international law and norms. The chapter also discusses how in the last decade more focus has been put on Norwegian business opportunities in foreign-aid policy.

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,Norway’s Foreign-Policy Circles of Interest, Union, on the other hand, has for decades been Norway’s most important partner in terms of trade and various political cooperation. The chapter also explores the country’s increasingly difficult relationship to China.

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Characteristics of Norwegian Foreign Policy in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries,al part of the chapter, the future of Norwegian foreign policy is discussed, thereby also summing up what has been found to be typical characteristics of Norwegian foreign policy over these centuries.