Titlebook: Materials Science: Theory and Engineering; Nestor Perez Textbook 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive lic

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Basic Quantum Mechanics,and temporal (time t) variables. Subsequently, the 3D framework of Y(r,t) is simplified to a one-dimensional (1D) time-independent wavefunction y(x). The Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) is also described as part of quantum mechanics related to measurements of two variables, such as position a

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Two-Dimensional Materials,ture (commonly honeycomb planes), purity, and environment. Nevertheless, computer making, energy storage, and medicine, among others, appear to be the most relevant industries to use high-tech graphene-containing products. The main emphasis hereafter is based on the research trends on 2D materials e

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Crystal Defects,us and adjacent crystal grains or particles in solids. The goal in this chapter is to characterize crystal defects in metallic and nonmetallic crystals at an atomic scale. Crystals or crystalline solids have a long-range order (regular arrangement of atoms). Amorphous solids, on the other hand, have

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Thermodynamics of Phase Change,signed and analyzed to produce energy as in a power plant or to study the thermodynamic process related to phase change as in solidification of pure metals and their alloys. The goal in this chapter is to describe phase transformation (phase change) during solidification (freezing) using thermodynam

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Solidification and Phase Diagrams, task for assessing the atomic structure of phases and microstructure-property relationships. Thus, it is important to develop the procedure for constructing equilibrium phase diagram and to understand the microstructural evolution attributed to the nucleation and growth mechanism that form the phas

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Solid-State Phase Transformation, carbon (C) based alloys being categorized as carbon steels, alloy steels, tools steels and stainless steels. Thus, the general components of a steel are Fe-C-X, where X stands for additional elements, such as Ni, Mo, Cr, and so forth. In effect, the resultant .-based steel is a ferrous material wit

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