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Titlebook: Mastering Modern European History; Stuart Miller Textbook 1997Latest edition Stuart T. Miller 1997 Adolf Hitler.communism.empire.Europe.Eu

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樓主: Animosity
51#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-30 11:27:56 | 只看該作者
52#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-30 12:43:39 | 只看該作者
,Germany 1801–48,states which made it up were loosely linked by their membership of the archaic Holy Roman Empire. The French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests laid the basis for the movement towards unification which was reinforced by economic and social pressures.
53#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-30 18:43:47 | 只看該作者
,Imperial Russia 1801–81,iety, economy and administration, or to turn away from these influences. Both of these policies shared the same danger; that in different ways they could provoke growing tensions within Russia. The dilemma of an eastward or westward-looking Russia is a recurrent theme in Russian history.
54#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-30 21:28:33 | 只看該作者
,The Eastern Question 1804–56,astern Question’ dated back to the 1770s and was a factor of long-term influence upon the relationship of the powers. The ‘a(chǎn)nswers’ of the various powers to the question of how best to respond to the decay of Ottoman power and authority in the eastern Mediterranean were contradictory, inconsistent and varied in changing circumstances.
55#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-31 04:12:36 | 只看該作者
,The Unification of Germany 1862–71,Power, Power, Power! In that year, Otto von Bismarck became the Prussian ambassador to St Petersburg and the mobilisation of Russian forces in response to a threat by Napoleon III to the Rhineland revealed weaknesses. The process of German unification had begun.
56#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-31 06:01:13 | 只看該作者
,Bismarck and International Relations 1871–90, an aspect of calculated diplomacy, he had built Germany; now he resorted to diplomacy to avoid international wars which would disturb the consolidation of the new state. He announced: ‘We have no further demands to make … We have enough annexed populations’.
57#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-31 11:09:22 | 只看該作者
,The Third Republic 1871–1914, conservatism in the elections of February 1871. To many of the middle classes and monarchists, the Republic was a better option than the bloody anarchy which had preceded it. So out of the ruins of 1871 the Third Republic was born, largely by accident and as a ‘second best’. Against all the odds, it was to survive until another .’ in 1940.
58#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-31 17:20:43 | 只看該作者
59#
發(fā)表于 2025-3-31 19:33:17 | 只看該作者
Stuart Millernten Zust?ndigkeiten der Europ?ischen Gemeinschaften (?implied powers“) und auf eine Vertragsauslegung im Sinne einer gr??tm?glichen Aussch?pfung der Gemeinschaftsbefugnisse (?effet utile“) gestützt hat ..., so wird in Zukunft bei der Auslegung von Befugnisnormen durch Einrichtungen und Organe der G
60#
發(fā)表于 2025-4-1 00:05:20 | 只看該作者
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