Titlebook: Leptospira and Leptospirosis; Ben Adler Book 2015 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Ver

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The Molecular Basis of Leptospiral Pathogenesis,have advanced our understanding by allowing the assessment of mutants in animal models. As a result, a small number of essential virulence factors have been identified, though most do not have a clearly defined function. Significant advances have also been made in the in vitro characterization of le

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The Leptospiral Outer Membrane, pathogenic leptospires must be able to survive in both free-living and host-adapted states. As organisms move from one set of environmental conditions to another, the OM must cope with a series of conflicting challenges. For example, the OM must be porous enough to allow nutrient uptake, yet robust

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Vaccines Against Leptospirosis,a pigs published in 1916. Since then, bacterin vaccines have been used in humans, cattle, swine, and dogs and remain the only vaccines licensed at the present time. The immunity elicited is restricted to serovars with related lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen. Likewise, vaccines based on LPS antigens

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The Role of Leptospirosis Reference Laboratories,rk by providing reference strains and reagents and giving instructions and recommendations to individual colleagues and national and international organisations on a wide variety of issues. There are different levels of reference centres, from local to international, with an increasing package of ta

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Caroline E. Cameroncludes supplementary material: This book is all about integrated ring resonators made out of optical waveguides in various materials for di?erent applications. Integrated ring resonators are used to build optical ?lters, lasers, sensors, modulators, d- persion compensators, just to name a few. The b