Titlebook: Intracellular Pathogens; Methods and Protocol Aneesh Thakur Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive lice

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Intravital Microscopy for Imaging and Live Cell Tracking of Alveolar Macrophages in Real Time,everal pathogens. Coculture assays with pathogens and eukaryotic cells can be analyzed through various techniques including plating for colony-forming units (CFU), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. However, findings from in vitro assays require validation in an in vivo model. Several physiolo

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Bacteriophages Isolation and Efficacy Testing,n alternative to antibiotics due to their specificity and ability to efficiently lyse antimicrobial resistant bacterial pathogens. Before using phages, they must be isolated from the environment and tested to ensure purity and lytic ability against various hosts. This protocol walks through the enti

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Production, Isolation, and Detection of Poly IC in Extracellular Vesicles from U937 Cells, body. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound particles released from cells homeostatically. Recent studies have shown that a commercially available dsRNA, poly inosinic: poly cytidylic acid (poly IC), can be detected within EVs. This finding opens the door for studying EVs as (1) carriers for

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In Silico Tools for Predicting Novel Epitopes, and adaptation to host immune responses. Historically, antigenicity was studied with experiments that evaluate the immune response against selected fragments of pathogens. Using this approach, the scientific community has gathered abundant information regarding which pathogenic fragments are immuno

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