Titlebook: International Manual of Oncology Practice; iMOP - Principles of Ramon Andrade De Mello,Giannis Mountzios,álvaro A. Book 2019Latest edition

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Rectal Cancerlitis and Crohn’s disease affecting the rectum, excessive consumption of red or processed meat and tobacco as well as moderate/heavy alcohol use increase the risk..The usual pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is an adenomatous polyp that slowly increases in size, followed by dysplasia and finally can

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Apoptosis to environmental genotoxic compounds) and endogenous sources such as replication fork collapse during regular DNA replication, during normal DNA repair events and immunoglobulin V(D)J gene rearrangement. However the incorrect repair of DNA breaks results in significant genomic instability due to gr

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Genetic Basis of Metastasisare several characteristics that are common to all cancers such as unrestrained proliferation and evasion of cell death. Another common feature is that of metastasis. Metastasis is “initiated” when primary tumor cells acquire the ability to invade surrounding tissues and eventually develop secondary

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Principles of Immuno-Oncologyain homeostatic balance. The immune system also has an important role in anticancer response. There are numerous checkpoints that moderate immune responses, to repress autoimmunity and regulate the amplitude and duration of T cell responses. Since some tumours benefit from these checkpoint pathways

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