Titlebook: Insight into Influenza Viruses of Animals and Humans; Sanjay Kapoor,Kuldeep Dhama Book 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Epidemiology of Influenza Viruses,uding humans, fowl, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, tiger, and other mammals such as mink, seals and whales. Influenza A viruses, based on the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins, are further classified into subtypes. There are 18 HA subtypes and 11 NA subtypes for influenza A viruses. Tra

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Role of Migratory Birds in Spreading Influenza Viruses,between their breeding grounds and non-breeding areas. These migratory birds as well as wild birds are considered as reservoirs of majority of influenza A viruses. The geospatial analysis of the pathways of migratory birds present in different geographical locations will throw further light on their

CLAM

Clinical Features of Influenza Viruses,d by sudden onset and rapid spread of the respiratory tract problems along with fever, sore throat, myalgia, malaise, depression, anorexia, sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, etc. The complications of pneumonia include pneumonia due to secondary bacterial and viral infections, bronchitis, asthma,

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Radiculopathy

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Diagnosis of Influenza Viruses,iagnosis is to a great extent dependent on the choice and quality of specimens, and their transport and storage conditions prior to processing in the laboratory. Samples such as tracheal and cloacal swabs, faeces, tissue samples including trachea, lungs, serum, etc., (both in avian and mammalian spe

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Prevention and Control of Influenza Viruses,ised serious worldwide public health apprehension regarding the steps that should be taken to urgently control HPAI. Control measures must be taken based on the principles of biosecurity and disease management and at the same time making public aware of the precautionary measures at the verge of out

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Conclusions and Future Perspectives,, animals and poultry. The avian and swine influenza A viruses are zoonotic in nature. The genome of influenza viruses is segmented single-stranded RNA of negative polarity. The matrix and nucleoprotein proteins determine type specificity. Influenza A viruses have further been classified into 18 hae

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