Titlebook: Heavy Metals: A Problem Solved?; Methods and Models t Jeroen C. J. M. Bergh,Mathijs N. Bouman,Ester Voet Book 2000 Springer Science+Busines

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: A dynamic multi-media fate model with applications to heavy metalsstries and households, describing import and export, and sometimes explicitly dealing with stock forming and time-lag in production and consumption (.. Victor, 1972; Perrings, 1986). However, with respect to the environmental subsystem, these models almost always stop at the level of emissions, and

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Sustainability indicators for the case of heavy metalsbeen carried out successfully (e.g. Adriaanse et al., 1997; Kleijn et al., 1997), the issue of connecting such research with policy has arisen frequently (Brunner et al., 1997). Researchers may feel the results of MFA and SFA studies are giving a clear message, but for policy-makers they are often n

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Combining SFA and economic modelsloped to study such flows, but these include no description of economic mechanisms (allocation, optimisation, substitution) or costs and benefits. Economic models, on the other hand, have focused mainly on abstract externalities and do not explicitly describe the flows and transformation of material

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Metals in the Netherlands: application of FLUX, Dynabox and the indicators-and-evaluation combination is applied to the metabolism of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for the total Dutch economy (Guinée et al., 1998). To this end an inventory was made of the flows in 1990; FLUX was used to balance the data. Input data for 1990 such as data on flows in the economy, accumulat

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Applications of Material-Product Chain analysiscomprehensive overview, see Kandelaars 1998). Each of the applied models combines elements of both physical flow and economic models in a particular way. It is important to know what model type to use for which purpose. The main focus of the applications A to D is the demand for a service that may b

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Introductionof the ‘Metals’ programme, . has been found: one important sink appears to be the landfill of waste containing metals, but the major sink is the stock of products and materials circulating within Dutch society. This stock-building or accumulation implies that in future the generation of metal waste