Titlebook: Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease; Lorna Swan,Alexandra A. Frogoudaki Book 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part o

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Telogen effluvium occurs due to a shift in the hair cycle away from the anagen phase and into the catagen stage and afterward to telogen [2]. This state includes increased shedding of telogen hairs, which can be evaluated using the validated visual analog scales [3].

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Ilaria Cazzoli,Sabine ErnstThe most common alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) mutant variant is a missense mutation (E342K), commonly referred to as PiZ. A transgenic mouse model exists that expresses the mutant human PiZ AAT gene. This protocol outlines the procedure used to extract DNA from and genotype AAT transgenic (PiZ) mice.

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Pathophysiology and Causes of Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Diseaselogy, and type of surgical repair set the seeds for late-onset heart failure in the adult patient. This chapter will focus on the complex pathophysiology of heart failure in this population and will examine both left and right ventricular disease.

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Co-morbiditiesse complicate heart failure (HF) care. These conditions further contribute to HF progression, may alter the response to treatment and are modifiers of outcomes. Optimal care of these patients, therefore, requires a careful and comprehensive multidisciplinary approach.

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