Titlebook: Health Economics; Peter Zweifel,Friedrich‘Breyer,Mathias Kifmann Textbook 2009Latest edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 Health

隱藏

Health Goods, Market Failure and Justice,Western industrialized countries, which claim to be market economies. In general, neither the decision to offer a medical service (e.g., an appendectomy) nor the decision to demand that service are made by sovereign individuals or firms who bear the full financial consequences of their choices.Moreo

Baffle

Optimal Health Insurance Contracts,mbership. This means that individuals are not completely free in deciding the amount of their insurance coverage against the cost of illness, since they are not permitted to have less than a minimum level of protection.

RADE

Risk Selection in Health Insurance Markets,th insurance and in their health care sectors. However, as shown in Section 5.4, competitive health insurers tend to charge a high premium to high risks and a low premium to low risks. This is nothing but a generalized version of the ‘price equal to marginal cost’ rule; after all, high risks are cha

sed-rate

Physicians as Suppliers of Medical Services,lp for a health problem. This makes the physician the first agent to decide upon diagnosis, treatment, prescription of drugs, and referral to other providers of medical services (specialists, hospitals, pharmacists, and different types of therapists). Consequently, physicians are regarded by many as

絕緣

Hospital Services and Efficiency,try. In many industrialized countries, hospital services account for the largest single block of health care expenditure. In 2005, most OECD countries spend more than a third of health care expenditure on hospital services [see OECD (2008)].

Radiation

OASIS

SOW

The Market for Pharmaceuticals,represent a form of therapy that does not involve . while permitting causal treatment (not only aimed at alleviating symptoms) in several instances. Chemotherapy, employed in the treatment of tuberculosis, is the historic example of such causal treatment; vaccination against the AIDS virus may becom

Certainty

豐滿有漂亮

Future Challenges to Health Care Systems, competitive advantage, and public authorities step in to regulate or even prohibit business. This pressure to adjust is transmitted by price signals indicating to firms the need to adapt their goods and services to new circumstances. In health care, however, fluctuating market prices formedical ser