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胰島素

Multiple light deflection,bution as developed in Chap. 5 applies. However, one can easily imagine situations where the light is deflected several times on the way from the source to the observer. For example, a distant QSO might be lensed by two galaxies at quite different redshifts; in particular, in the spectra of high red

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defeatist

Statistical gravitational lensing: General considerations,ity of multiple imaging of sources and the magnification and distortion of the shape of images. Detailed knowledge of the properties of simple lens models is essential for the understanding of observed lens cases. In this and the following chapter, we consider the statistical properties of an ensemb

Carbon-Monoxide

Gravitational lenses as astrophysical tools,urnish an additional test of General Relativity; (2.) allow us to see fainter or more distant sources; and (3.) provide a means to estimate the mass of galaxies, of clusters of galaxies, and of unseen, massive aggregates of dark matter.

Presbyopia

Introduction,locity than that of light, and consequently, supposing light to be attracted by the same force in proportion to its ., with other bodies, all light emitted from such body would be made to return towards it, by its own proper gravity” [MI84.1j. He even proposed how one might discover such “black” bod

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荒唐

Multiple light deflection,ximate the matter distribution in our universe, clumps at all redshifts will influence light propagation. We describe numerical studies of this process in a later chapter. As it turns out, the multiple lens-plane theory ([BL86.1], [KO87.5]) is very convenient for the study of light rays (and bundles

GILD

Swarms of Self-Organized Nanorobotslocity than that of light, and consequently, supposing light to be attracted by the same force in proportion to its ., with other bodies, all light emitted from such body would be made to return towards it, by its own proper gravity” [MI84.1j. He even proposed how one might discover such “black” bod

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