Titlebook: Examining the ‘Golden’ Practices of Small-Scale Mining; Small-Scale Mining, George Okyere Ofosu Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) an

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Literature Review: Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM),rovides an overview of the differential and often competing perspectives of what has come to define ASM. Second, it attempts to unpack the socio-economic significance of ASM operations, and its influence on livelihoods.

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,Research Context—Ghana,my make it one of the nation’s most important livelihood activities, directly employing an estimated one million people and supporting approximately 4.5 million more. It accounted for 35 per cent of Ghana’s total gold production in 2014, contributing almost 1.5 million ounces of gold.

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The Land Reclamation Processes and the Mutually Beneficial Consequences to Local Mining Communitiesortray mining regions as ‘informal’ zones that suffer massively from environmental degradation problems. The dominant orthodoxy has been that ASM is ‘bad’ for society and that miners are ‘criminals’ who have little or no regard for the dangers posed to the natural environment.

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Introduction,mplex and diversified sector that includes poor informal individual miners seeking to eke out or supplement a subsistence livelihood, to small-scale formal commercial mining activities that can produce minerals in a responsible way respecting local laws. The artisanal miners typically use rudimentar

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