Titlebook: Evidence-based Therapy in Vascular Surgery; E. Sebastian Debus,Reinhart T. Grundmann Book 20171st edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) an

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Renal Artery Stenosis, Renal artery angioplasty and stenting may be considered for patients with RAS and complicated, uncontrolled hypertension. Surgery remains the primary approach for patients with complex lesions of arterial bifurcation or branches, stenoses associated with complex aneurysms, or following PTA failure.

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Visceral Artery Aneurysms (Including Renal Artery Aneurysms),) growing at a rapid rate of 0.5 cm per year or faster. Aneurysms can be treated by endovascular or open surgical repair. There are no evidence-based treatment recommendations. Though, case series about open repair did become uncommon over the last years.

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Intermittent Claudication,ercise fails to achieve an adequate symptomatic improvement. Open surgery is only the third option, recommended when the alternative treatment options are logistically or technically unfeasible or have proven unsuccessful.

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Acute Limb Ischemia,ours. The grade of ischemia is classified by Rutherford. Initial treatment options are open surgical treatment and thrombolysis. A general recommendation for the choice of treatment is non-existent, yet surgical treatment is preferred in patients with motor or severe sensory deficits (grade IIB ischemia).

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Popliteal Artery Aneurysm, (ER). Current evidence is limited. Nonetheless, there are no significant safety concerns against ER of PAA. ER can, in individual cases, be considered a useful alternative to OR. There is, however, no known advantage of ER in comparison to OR in terms of patency, mortality and cost effectiveness.

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Vascular Access for Hemodialysis,be in descending order of preference a wrist (radiocephalic) primary fistula, an elbow (brachiocephalic) primary fistula, and a transposed brachial basilic vein fistula. For patients who have exhausted all forearm veins on both sides, a forearm loop graft, preferable to a straight configuration, and then an upper-arm graft may be considered.

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E. Sebastian Debus,Reinhart T. GrundmannRecent guidelines, meta-analyses and randomized trials are considered to put evidence-based therapeutic recommendations into practice.The chapters are emphasized to look at the appropriate use of fund

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