Titlebook: English for Writing Research Papers; Adrian Wallwork Book 20111st edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive

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DiscussionWhat key skills are needed when writing the Discussion? People read papers in different ways. Readers in a hurry, may read the title and then just look at the figures! Many begin from the part that they find the most interesting, which is often the Discussion.

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Book 20111st editionical build-up towards various conclusions.write a title and an abstract that will attract attention and be read.decide what to include in the various parts of the paper (Introduction, Methodology, Discussion etc) .select from over 700 useful phrases .highlight your claims and contribution.avoid plag

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Avoiding Ambiguity and Vaguenessus. If referees are not clear about what you are -saying in a particular sentence, this may affect their overall understanding of the contribution of the paper. They may thus feel that they are not in a position to judge the merits of your paper. Just two or three ambiguous sentences are enough for

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Clarifying Who Did Whatished in the literature. You must make it 100% clear to the reader whose methodology or results you are talking about. If you don’t, you will make it difficult for the referee to: ? identify your contribution ? decide how useful the contribution is ? make a decision about whether this contribution i

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Highlighting Your Findingsdings because you have neither highlighted nor described them clearly enough, then your paper may not be published. Your contribution to the community may thus vanish into oblivion. In the words of English botanist, Sir Francis Darwin: .

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Hedging and Criticisingne ‘rule’ is that when you present subjective or unproven propositions, you should avoid sounding arrogant or 100% certain of what you state. This approach, known as ‘hedging’, also spread to other scientists in other Anglo societies.

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Titlesct to read. According to one of Britain’s top editors, writing good headlines represents about 50% of the skills vital to article writing. For this reason the gurus of research writing tend to dedicate more pages to discussing the importance of the title than they do to any section in the paper itse

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Abstractssion on whether the paper is relevant to their journal (without having to read the whole paper) and is thus worth submitting to referees who will then judge the paper in its entirety ? a reader to identify quickly what the paper is about, to judge how relevant it is to their interests, and so to dec