Titlebook: Emerging Federal Structures in the Post-Cold War Era; Soeren Keil,Sabine Kropp Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s),

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Learning from Iraq? Debates on Federalism and Decentralization for Post-War Syrias Iraq’s federal system so flawed? This chapter looks at the role of constitutional engineering, the positions of external actors and the need to find inter-ethnic compromise and consensus on the future design of the state as key issues in both countries.

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Federalism in Ethiopia: Emergence, Progress and Challengese nature and character of the federal arrangement and more specifically to the ethnic-based nature of the current arrangement that is blamed for the exacerbated ethnic divisions, conflictual intergovernmental relations and the rendering of some as second-class citizens in a territory they consider home.

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Federal Regression and the Authoritarian Turn in Russia structures meet basic interests of authoritarian incumbents, as multilevel architectures allow to shift the blame to sub-federal territories, to test the loyalty of political elites and to multiply opportunities for co-opting loyal politicians.

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The Emergence of Complex Federal Political Systems in the Western Balkansnctionality and adaptability of these systems. While Bosnia has the most advanced and institutionalized federal structures, it is also the most dysfunctional of the three cases, due to its complex power-sharing system and the inability of elites to find any common ground.

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