Titlebook: Children with Differences in Sex Development; Taking a Multidiscip Simmi K. Ratan Textbook 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Autho

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Models of Psychopathology and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysp clinically significant discomfort or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning areas. The previous term “Gender Identity Disorder” was replaced to avoid pathologizing identity. Not all gender-variant individuals experience gender dysphoria. Transgender person is an umbrella

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Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Investigations in DSDs and undestanding sequential processes of normal sex development and differentiation. Karyotyping results are the first and most defining, therefore, mandatory genetic test and help classify the three major DSD subclasses. The involved principal genes are classified as Testicular promoting genes (S

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Endocrine Profiling in DSDt. Among the tools available for their evaluation, endocrine profiling is the least reliable owing to the dynamic nature of hormone secretion and limitations in the currently used methods for assay. Nevertheless, when employed appropriately, it provides immense insight into the possible etiology. Wi

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Pathology of Differences in Sex Developmentowever, some may require histopathological examination of the gonads and genital ducts to clinch a final diagnosis. The role of the pathologist extends beyond establishing a diagnosis to identifying premalignant and malignant lesions in these gonads..The commonest DSDs are congenital adrenal hyperpl

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