Titlebook: Comparative Atlas of Endoscopic Ear Surgery; Training Techniques Marco Bonali,Livio Presutti,Daniele Marchioni Book 2021 Springer Nature S

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,Forum internum — forum externum,ixed hearing loss that can be associated with tinnitus and/or dizziness. Surgical treatment can be a solution in selected cases. Traditionally, stapes surgery has been performed through a microscope-based approach. Nowadays, endoscopic stapes surgery is becoming popular, thanks to its advantages due

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90700-0re and profound hearing loss get little or no benefit from hearing aids and may require cochlear implantation. Besides the traditional transmastoid posterior tympanotomy approach, in particular cases of middle-ear malformations or anatomical anomalies at the level of the facial nerve or round window

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Hints and Pitfalls: How to Start Endoscopic Ear Surgery Training, microscope) to the traditional microscopic approaches because of its great advantages in terms of visualisation of surgical corners and magnification of structures..However, endoscopic ear surgery is characterised by some specific technical and manual skills. Thus, a challenging learning curve, due

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Surgical Instruments and Preparation of the Specimen,ual skills. These abilities should be improved during cadaveric dissection courses, before starting live surgery approaches. Training on cadaveric specimens during training courses enhances the dexterity of the surgeon and provides experience, which are mandatory for a successful performance during