Titlebook: Chemistry of Waste Minimization; J. H. Clark (Professor of Chemistry) Book 1995 Chapman & Hall 1995 catalysis.chemistry.environment.indust

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Phase transfer catalysis,es are soluble. These solvents, however, are expensive, toxic, and their low volatilities can make product purification tricky. Environmental pressure means that many of the ‘better’ organic solvents are becoming unacceptable, and industry is being forced to look for cleaner alternative technologies.

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The use of catalysis for the manufacture of fine chemicals and chemical intermediates,dustry relies extensively on catalysis for cracking and reforming to produce the bulk chemical feedstocks used by fine chemical manufacturers, and so many final products are touched by catalysis only in their early stages.

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Polymer-supported synthesis,to do so, but instead will refer to the many excellent books and reviews on this subject, and then describe some more recent works which exemplify the strategically important developments that are currently underway.

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Electrochemical aspects of chemical waste minimisation,for aqueous based constituents, there are applications in the treatment of solids, gases and organic species. The scope of electrochemistry in waste minimisation is outlined in Table 11.1. The processes are varied and are used for:

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Methods of metal capture from effluent,in the river cadmium levels temporarily rose to 600 parts per billion. Marine life and farmland were allegedly contaminated with the metals, at great cost to local industry. Clean-up involved treatment of a mine lagoon with lime; it is on-going and has cost several millions of dollars [1].

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