Titlebook: Cardiorenal Syndrome; Mechanisms, Risk and Adel E. Berbari,Giuseppe Mancia Book 2010 Springer-Verlag Milan 2010 Chronic kidney disease.card

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Strokecardiovascular risk factors account for much of the stroke risk in CKD, some risk factors like anemia and dyslipidemia are challenging to address in view of recent clinical trial data that do not seem to provide the full degree of expected benefit from risk factor correction as reviewed herein. Othe

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Novice Writers and Scholarly Publicationscular disease and kidney dysfunction. In patients with heart failure, renal dysfunction is highly prevalent. Even mild to moderate renal dysfunction in patients with congestive heart failure, i.e., cardiorenal syndrome, leads to significant increase in morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underl

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95333-5l responses, whereas the local RAS is activated during tissue injury and contributes to pathological processes, including cell proliferation/apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. AngII has direct effects on these processes through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and Smad and

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Viktor I. Korotkin,Nikolay P. Onishkovvel therapeutic strategies to reduce this excessive risk. In the context of uremia, this has been problematic, as the extremely high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk seems to be the result of a complex interplay between a vast number of traditional, novel, and uremia-specific risk factors. Emerging

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-28359-2lent in healthy individuals and even more so in hypertensive and diabetic populations. The variable excretion of albumin in the urine is related to the risk for the individual to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD): absence or very low levels of albuminuria is associated with low risk, whereas the

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89877-9 Over the past four decades, however, the epidemiological evidence has become far stronger, implicating it as a cardiovascular risk marker than a risk factor associated with nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is also a marker of endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular leakage of albumin, and a marker