Titlebook: Biological Invasions in the South American Anthropocene; Global Causes and Lo Fabián M. Jaksic,Sergio A. Castro Book 2021 Springer Nature S

Alpha-Cells

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8149-3essful completion of this stage because in most cases the organisms that initiated it will not survive (Kolar and Lodge 2001). Williamson (1996) estimated that only 10% of the species will make it to the recipient region and that 10% of them will become established. Thus, the expectation of a succes

Intervention

混合

沒有希望

玷污

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8149-398; Ricciardi 2004). Although the generality of this fact has been questioned by some authors (Didham et al. 2005; Davis 2009), there is no doubt that once arrived and established, invasive species can affect to a greater or lesser extent the structure and functioning of the ecosystems they invade (

巫婆

整頓

Enzyme

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8149-3lope), carnivores (canids, bears, mustelids, and cats), lagomorphs (rabbits and hares), and perissodactyls (equines). In particular, the large ungulates (artiodactyls and perissodactyls) represent the highest proportion of invasive mammals, the family Cervidae being the most successful because of th

VOK

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8149-3ces that are both ecological and social (Carpenter et al. 2009). For example, as an academic discipline, ecology increasingly acknowledges that ecosystems are not only composed of biotic and abiotic elements but also that humans form an integral part of what are ostensibly socio-ecological systems (

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