Titlebook: Bile Acids and Their Receptors; Stefano Fiorucci,Eleonora Distrutti Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Bile acids.Nuclear recep

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Potential of Intestine-Selective FXR Modulation for Treatment of Metabolic Disease,s own ligands, i.e., bile acids, but also regulates glucose and lipid metabolism as well as the immune system. These findings have led to substantial interest for FXR as a therapeutic target and to the recent approval of an FXR agonist for treating primary biliary cholangitis as well as ongoing clin

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Chenodeoxycholic Acid: An Update on Its Therapeutic Applications,CA is conjugated with glycine or taurine to form two bile salts, Glyco-CDCA and Tauro-CDCA, before being released into the bile ducts. In the intestine, CDCA is further metabolized to generate a 7β epimer, i.e., the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), or dehydroxylate to generate lithocolic acid (LCA). In

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Obeticholic Acid: An Update of Its Pharmacological Activities in Liver Disorders,xy-5-cholan-24-oic acid), a relatively hydrophobic primary bile acid synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. OCA, also known as 6-ethyl-CDCA or INT-747, was originally described by investigators at the Perugia University in 2002 as a selective ligand for the bile acid sensor, farnesoid-X-receptor

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Pharmacologic Modulation of Bile Acid-FXR-FGF15/FGF19 Pathway for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steen hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of NASH is rising and has become a large burden to the medical system worldwide. Unfortunately, despite its high prevalence and severe health consequences, there is currently no therapeutic agent approved to treat NASH. Therefore, the development of

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Targeting Bile Acid-Activated Receptors in Bariatric Surgery,s to achieve a significant and sustainable weight loss. Bariatric surgery also concomitantly improves type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular diseases, and hyperlipidemia. However, despite the recent exciting progress in the understanding how

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E. Dupin,C. Ziller,N. M. Le Douarines, while TGR5 is predominately found in non-parenchymal cells. In contrast to S1PR2, which is mainly activated by conjugated bile acids (BAs), all BAs serve as ligands for TGR5 irrespective of their conjugation state and substitution pattern..Mice with targeted deletion of either S1PR2 or TGR5 are