Titlebook: Animal Models of Depression; George F. Koob,Cindy L. Ehlers,David J. Kupfer (Pr Book 1989 Birkh?user Boston 1989 behavior.biology.central

喃喃而言

The HPA System and Neuroendocrine Models of Depressionpatients who suffer from primary disorders of the pituitary-adrenal system. In 1913, Harvey Cushing published a landmark paper in the . titled “Psychiatric Disturbances Associated with Disorders of the Ductless Glands” (Cushing, 1913). In addition to reporting case histories where cognitive, affecti

成績(jī)上升

The Use of an Animal Model to Study Post-Stroke Depressionpecificity of anatomical, biochemical, or physiological changes can be assessed while controlling for numerous other variables which may or may not be associated with the medical condition. There are numerous examples in literature of the value of investigating animal models. Thus it is not surprisi

incredulity

大方一點(diǎn)

交響樂

artless

Anhedonia as an Animal Model of Depressiontoms of a major depressive episode is a failure to obtain pleasure from activities that previously brought enjoyment (Klein, 1974). Recreational activities, sex, and eating now provide little or no gratification. The mood of the individual is characterized as depressed, sad, hopeless, and discourage

樹木中

Models of Depression Used in the Pharmaceutical Industryned and the underlying pathophysiology poorly understood. This is especially true of depression, which is the name given to a heterogeneous group of disorders having in common the disturbance of mood (Cronholm, 1984; Klerman, 1984; Baldessarini, 1985). Models of depression are made primarily for two

柔軟

Pharmacological, Biochemical, and Behavioral Analyses of Depression: Animal Models, 1982a). Alternatively, it is not unlikely that such events may simply exacerbate symptoms in already depressed individuals (Slater and Roth, 1969), or that the response to stressors may be symptomatic of an already existant depression (Hudgens et al. 1967; Morrison et al., 1968). Although it is cl

BLANC

Pharmacological Probes in Primate Social Behaviore in major psychiatric categories. Therefore, animal models of these disorders which include evaluation of social behavior add an important dimension to the model. Non-human primates have been used as subjects in most social studies because of their well documented social structure and noted behavio

突變